Following the people and events that make up the research community at Duke

Students exploring the Innovation Co-Lab

Author: Monona Zhou

Duke and Uganda’s Makerere University Join to Combat Maternal Mortality

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A recent study about maternal deaths at Kawempe National Referral Hospital in Uganda found that “as many as 1 in 50 maternal deaths worldwide occur in Uganda.” Moreover, between 2016 and 2018, around 84% of maternal deaths within the hospital alone were considered preventable.  

Each year, over 70,000 women die from postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), making it the leading cause of maternal mortality in the world. At hospitals like Kawempe, the challenge is further exacerbated by the inability to quantitatively distinguish blood loss from other fluids lost during pregnancy, such as amniotic fluid.

“We noticed no sort of formal collection of blood or fluid,” said Haasini Nandyala, a senior biomedical engineering student at Duke University. “It was all randomly mopped up, and then blood would just go everywhere.”

Despite the ever-present issue of PPH, blood transfusions remain uncommon in Uganda. The combined factors of limited blood donation centers and lingering fears of the HIV pandemic continue to exacerbate the blood scarcity crisis. As a result, the team saw a clear direction: faster detection of hemorrhage was critical, and the current standards were inadequate.

From there, HemoSavetook root. Created by a team of engineering students from Duke and Uganda’s Makerere University – Haasini Nandyala, James Bradley, Mohammed Farah, Desmond Boateng, Joel Mugabo, and Samantha Keshara – the portable, low-cost device measures blood loss during cesarean sections (C-sections) in real-time and signals to the physicians when the patient is nearing a dangerous level of blood loss.

The team presenting HemoSave (From left to right, James Bradley, Samantha Keshara, Haasini Nandyala, Joel Mugabo).

“We wanted our device to be easy to use and only require one person to operate because we saw how much of a workforce shortage there is,” said Nandyala. “There would usually be one surgeon and one nurse in every operating room, that’s it. One surgeon could do ten to twelve C-sections a day.”

The device measures blood loss through two main pathways. The first is collecting fluid through aspiration (i.e., a suction pump) before measuring the amount of the bodily fluid that is blood (using color and weight analysis). Simultaneously, the second method collects the blood soaked into medical cloths and compares the weight before and after use to determine the volume contributed to blood.

The system is able to monitor and warn when the blood loss exceeds eight hundred milliliters. Doing so provides clinicians with a better sense of real-time blood loss, prompting earlier interventions before childbirth becomes fatal for the mother.

The HemoSave device.

Currently, HemoSave is now working towards patenting in Uganda and clinical implementation. Moreover, Nandyala aims to return to Uganda this summer to help refine the manufacturing process and bring the product to market.

For the students, being part of HemoSave has been as much a learning experience as it has been a technical achievement. The team navigated engineering challenges and cross-continental communication while also ensuring all the device’s parts were locally sourced. “This project has shown me what having a passion is like.” Bradley added, “It’s been awesome working with an international team, with our teammates in Uganda.”

Postpartum hemorrhage remains a critical, life-threatening issue that impacts thousands of mothers each year. But HemoSave’s impactful work highlights the possibility of a future where concerns over fatal blood loss during childbirth no longer exist.

“One of our biggest motivations for this whole project is that we’ve seen [post-partum hemorrhage], and we know that it’s an avoidable problem,” said Nandyala. “We truly believe that no matter where you live, no child deserves to grow up without their mother.”

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By Monona Zhou, Class of 2028

Duke Team Claims First Place at Global Health Tech Competition

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It all starts with a simple question: How can I help? For some Duke students, the answer meant taking initiative – transforming empathy into action, ideas, and impact in order to tackle the most pressing global health issues head-on. 

On April 10, 2025, two Duke teams were among 22 semi-finalist teams, representing 18 universities across eight countries, who met at the 15th Annual Global Health Technologies Design Competition on the Rice University campus. There, the students exchanged their strong passions about global health and learned from one another’s efforts to address the needs of low-resource communities. The projects spanned a wide spectrum of challenges, from portable glaucoma detection devices for applications in rural Peru, to low-cost sensor-based gloves for translating sign language into voice in real time, and many more! 

The Awards at the Rice360 Global Health Technologies Design Competition

The competition was hosted by the Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, a multi-disciplinary institute that aims to elevate global health technology education and research. Following their mission, this event helped to raise awareness about students who are leading global health innovation. Moreover, participating students received the opportunity to engage with judges, mentors, and interested attendees with expertise in global health for vital feedback and recommendations for future project plans. 

Diagram of the HemoSave Device

The two Duke teams that qualified as semi-finalists were HemoSave and VenAlign. HemoSave was awarded first place for their project targeting the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, an excessive loss of blood after childbirth called postpartum hemorrhage. To combat this critical issue, the HemoSave team designed a cost-effective blood loss tracking device that uses colorimetric and gravimetric analysis. By doing so, the device allows clinicians to accurately measure blood loss during C-sections to improve high-stakes decision-making in low-resource settings. All components of the design were locally sourced from Kampala, Uganda, to maximize affordability and accessibility within such low-resource settings. 

Representatives from the Duke University HemoSave Team, Haasini Nandyala and James Bradley

Second place was awarded to QBiT A.R.M. from Queen’s University for their work on developing low-cost, 3-D printable arm prosthetics. Their open-source design allows “clinics in lower- and middle-income countries to produce prosthetics on-site, restoring mobility and independence for those in need” (Rice360). 

Diagram of the QBiT A.R.M. Prosthetic

BiliRoo from Calvin University won third place for their device that combines filtered sunlight phototherapy technology and skin-to-skin contact between parent and child to treat neonatal jaundice in low-resource settings. For more information and to learn about the rest of the other incredible projects, please refer to the Rice360 website (link).

Diagram of the BiliRoo Device

In addition to the student competition, Rice360 honored two current leaders in Global Health this year for their continued perseverance and successes within innovation for Global Health. The two recipients for the Rice360 Innovation and Leadership in Global Health Award were Dr. June Madete and Dr. Patty J. García, both successful leaders of global health in their own right.  

After noticing a disheartening lack of biomedical engineering in Kenya, Madete realized the necessity of applying her scientific experience to advancing biomedical adoption within sub-Saharan Africa. She is now a senior lecturer and researcher at Kenyatta University, where she leads education efforts in engineering to connect with students, lecturers, scientists, and industry all across Africa. 

Dr. García presenting as a Keynote Speaker

García has also dedicated her career to advancing global health, but through a more public policy perspective. As the former Minister of Health in Peru and former Chief of the Peruvian National Institute of Health, García worked to translate critical biomedical research into real-world applications across Peru and Latin America. Her work to improve research on and the quality of health services surrounding reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections has worked to improve the safety and well-being of critical communities and vulnerable populations. 

As the keynote speakers, Madete and García shared their distinct journeys across opposite sides of the globe, each grounded in a common goal to advance the well-being of underserved communities through global health innovation and education. Altogether, the students, speakers, and supporters at this year’s Rice360 competition demonstrated that meaningful change is already in motion, driven by hope for a healthier, more equitable world.

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By Monona Zhou, Class of 2028

New Blogger Monona Zhou: Turning the Old into Anew

Every day is a surprise. As a freshman, I never imagined taking a class where I would be reading physical copies of books that have existed centuries before us. I hold in my hands a 1522 edition of “Vitruvii De architectura libri decem by Vitruvius Pollio. Five hundred and two years of history since the book was published, with thousands more found within its very pages. I trace my fingertips across the book, barely larger than my palm, and its aged pages that are stained with dirt, oil, and dust.

Title page of “Virtuvii De Architectura libri decem,” currently in the Rubenstein Library

Despite being in a language incomprehensible to my modern-English mind, the book seems to whisper stories and secrets that are embedded within its pages. Parallel to the research we conduct on these literatures, we also learn how the greats have done so for centuries before us. Leonardo da Vinci once studied this same book (albeit a different literal copy of the book) and applied Vitruvius’ theories of proportion to studying the human body. His meticulous investigations led him to produce “The Vitruvian Man,” blending both art and science to investigate the natural world.

So, just like how Leonardo studied the world before and around him, we find ourselves in modern day doing the same. We study history, of the curiosity, thinking, and discoveries that make up the pinnacles of human pursuit, and we explore life, of the emotions, nature, technology, and behaviors that guide and shift our every day.

As part of the team at the Duke Research Blog, I wish to share ongoing research that is relevant and connected to you, the reader. I ask myself what information can I share to make the reader better informed about the choices, actions, people, and objects that surround their lives. From the community initiatives to the groundbreaking research to the hidden stories waiting to be uncovered, there’s always something new to learn and share. I want to shine a light on these unique stories and bring awareness to the causes and impacts that define our community.

My favorite piece from the VMFA is “Landscape with Wing” by Anselm Kiefer.

To begin this journey, I want to first share my story. I come from Richmond, Virginia, where I lived for 16 years. My perfect day would consist of spending time at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA) and my local 2nd & Charles bookstore. While I am keeping my options open for my major, I am orienting my interests toward pursuing health and bioethics policy. Specifically, I hope to improve how we understand and define “sickness”—whether of the body or the mind. I believe that the current medical system fails to treat patients for their best wellness, often promoting treatments that produce more harm than good.

Just as I aim to help patients understand their options in healthcare, I wish to help people better understand the research that impacts their lives. Through my work, I hope to share beneficial and informative insights about the up-and-coming research happening around us. I can’t wait to see what the future holds, and I look forward to what we uncover together!

Monona Zhou, Class of 2028

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